ABSTRACT
To observe the effects of COVID-19 infection on ANS function over a follow-up period in young adults. Observational prospective case-control study. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and in a follow-up visit six weeks following the first shot of SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Private Physical Therapy ambulatory. Male and female subjects aged 20-40 years with, a diagnosis of mild or moderate clinical COVID-19 with a positive PCR test and slight clinical symptoms, and who were not admitted to intensive care unit. Participants were recruited after a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 120 days of diagnosis (PCOV). An age-matched heathy control group (CG) that was negative for COVID-19 was also recruited. Autonomic nervous system function was measured through heart rate variability (HRV). Heart rate was recorded beat-to-beat to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation. We used a cardio-frequency meter (Polar RS800CX). Participants were equipped with a chest strap and monitor and remained at rest for 25 minutes. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic indexes through HRV. 57 subjects were evaluated at baseline. After 19 exclusions, 38 subjects with complete data were included in the baseline analysis where 18 subjects were in CT and 20 in the PCOV group. Regarding sympathetic nervous system activity, there was no difference between baseline and follow-up moments within CT or PCOV groups (p>0.05). For intergroup analysis, we observed that PCOV group presents significant higher reductions in sympathetic activity over time when compared to CT demonstrated by HR (p=0.0088) and SNS index (p=0.0068). Observations of parasympathetic nervous system activity reveals a statistical increase between baseline and follow up in Mean RR (p=0.0312) and pNN50 (p=0.0312) for PCOV group. The intergroup analysis revealed that PCOV group presented a significant higher increase in parasympathetic activity overtime demonstrated by mean RR (-44.54±32.38 vs. 60.36±55.35;p= 0.0097) and PNS index (-0.32±0.20 vs. 0.54 ± 0.35;p= 0.0091) when compared to CT. Sympathetic activity decreased in PCOV after infection and over the follow up period. Authors declare no conflicts.
ABSTRACT
To observe the effects of COVID-19 infection on ANS function over a follow-up period in young adults. Observational prospective case-control study. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and in a follow-up visit six weeks following the first shot of SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Private Physical Therapy ambulatory. Male and female subjects aged 20-40 years with, a diagnosis of mild or moderate clinical COVID-19 with a positive PCR test and slight clinical symptoms, and who were not admitted to intensive care unit. Participants were recruited after a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 120 days of diagnosis (PCOV). An age-matched heathy control group (CG) that was negative for COVID-19 was also recruited. Autonomic nervous system function was measured through heart rate variability (HRV). Heart rate was recorded beat-to-beat to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation. We used a cardio-frequency meter (Polar RS800CX). Participants were equipped with a chest strap and monitor and remained at rest for 25 minutes. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic indexes through HRV. 57 subjects were evaluated at baseline. After 19 exclusions, 38 subjects with complete data were included in the baseline analysis where 18 subjects were in CT and 20 in the PCOV group. Regarding sympathetic nervous system activity, there was no difference between baseline and follow-up moments within CT or PCOV groups (p>0.05). For intergroup analysis, we observed that PCOV group presents significant higher reductions in sympathetic activity over time when compared to CT demonstrated by HR (p=0.0088) and SNS index (p=0.0068). Observations of parasympathetic nervous system activity reveals a statistical increase between baseline and follow up in Mean RR (p=0.0312) and pNN50 (p=0.0312) for PCOV group. The intergroup analysis revealed that PCOV group presented a significant higher increase in parasympathetic activity overtime demonstrated by mean RR (-44.54±32.38 vs. 60.36±55.35;p= 0.0097) and PNS index (-0.32±0.20 vs. 0.54 ± 0.35;p= 0.0091) when compared to CT. Sympathetic activity decreased in PCOV after infection and over the follow up period. Authors declare no conflicts.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has detrimental multi-system consequences. Symptoms may appear during the acute phase of infection, but the literature on long-term recovery of young adults after mild to moderate infection is lacking. Heart rate variability (HRV) allows for the observation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since physical activity (PA) can help improve ANS modulation, investigating factors that can influence HRV outcomes after COVID-19 is essential to advancements in care and intervention strategies. Clinicians may use this research to aid in the development of non-medication interventions. At baseline, 18 control (CT) and 20 post-COVID-19 (PCOV) participants were observed where general anamnesis was performed, followed by HRV and PA assessment. Thus, 10 CT and 7 PCOV subjects returned for follow-up (FU) evaluation 6 weeks after complete immunization (two doses) and assessments were repeated. Over the follow-up period, a decrease in sympathetic (SNS) activity (mean heart rate: p = 0.0024, CI = -24.67--3.26; SNS index: p = 0.0068, CI = -2.50--0.32) and increase in parasympathetic (PNS) activity (mean RR: p = 0.0097, CI = 33.72-225.51; PNS index: p = 0.0091, CI = -0.20-1.47) were observed. At follow-up, HRV was not different between groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, no differences were observed in PA between moments and groups. This study provides evidence of ANS recovery after SARS-CoV-2 insult in young adults over a follow-up period, independent of changes in PA.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Young Adult , Recovery of Function , Case-Control Studies , Follow-Up Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Autonomic Nervous System , Exercise/physiology , Immunization , Heart Rate/physiologyABSTRACT
Research Objectives To prospectively analyze functional capacity of young adults in relation to after COVID-19 infection and follow up these individuals after COVID-19 immunization. Design Observational prospective cohort study (partial results from FIT-COVID Study). After a minimum of 6 weeks from the second shot of COVID-19 vaccine participants were once again recruited to follow up evaluations. Setting Evaluations were performed at a public Physical Therapy outpatient clinic in Brazil. Participants We included male and female participants, aged 20–40 years after mild or moderate clinical COVID-19 with a previous positive PCR test that were not admitted to intensive care unit (COV). Participants were recruited after a minimum of 15 and maximum of 180 days of diagnosis by positive PCR test. An age-matched healthy control group (CT) that was negative for COVID-19 was also recruited. Interventions At baseline and follow up evaluation, functional capacity was assessed using the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the 30-second stand from chair test (SC). Next, habitual physical activity (HPA) levels were assessed using accelerometry data. Finally, body composition (BC) was assessed using bioelectric impedance. Main Outcome Measures Meters walked during 6MWT, repetitions during SC. Secondarily, sedentary time in minutes, and body composition (lean mass in kilograms). Results Evaluations included Control Group (n=39) and Post-COVID-19 group (n=32). At baseline Post-COVID-19 group presented 626.69±100.68 meters and during the follow-up analysis (626.69±100.685 meters) with no significant difference between moments (p=0.698). No significant differences were observed between groups for 6MWT (p=0.698). In SC, there were no differences between moments (p=0.333) or groups (p=0.26). In the Post-COVID-19 group there was a significant reduction in sedentary time over the follow-up period (4070.36±1524.614 vs 3298.82±786.085;p=0.044). However, no differences were observed between groups (p=0.928). Finally, no differences were observed in body composition between groups or moments (p>0.05). Conclusions Functional capacity in young adults was not affected Post-COVID-19 infection and no changes were observed following immunization. Similar results, were observed for physical activity levels and body composition. Author(s) Disclosures None of the authors have any conflicts of interests.
ABSTRACT
Research Objectives To prospectively analyze respiratory function outcomes of young adults post-COVID-19 infection and follow up these individuals after COVID-19 immunization. Design Observational prospective cohort study (partial results from FIT-COVID Study). Participants were recruited after a minimum of 15 and maximum of 180 days of diagnosis by positive PCR test. After a minimum of 6 weeks from the second shot of COVID-19 vaccine participants were once again recruited to evaluations. The Ethical Institutional Review Board approved the study (number: 38701820.0.0000.5402). Setting a Physical Therapy public outpatient clinic in Brazil. Participants We included male and female participants, aged 20–40 years after mild or moderate clinical COVID-19 and infection including slight clinical symptoms, fever, or respiratory symptoms, with previous positive PCR test and that were not admitted to intensive care unit (n=31). An age-matched healthy control group that was negative for COVID-19 was also recruited (n=39). Interventions Dyspnea was measured by the Modified Medical Research Council (MRC). Saccharin transit time test (STT) was performed to evaluate mucociliary transportability. Spirometry was performed using a digital spirometer. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcomes included pulmonary function evaluated by Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) FEV1/FVC ratio. Secondary outcomes included STT (in minutes) and MRC score. Results Post-COVID19 group increased FEV1% between baseline and follow up (77.37%±17.6 vs 87.44%±10.28;p=0.003) and presented significant lower values than CG (86.47%±11.433 vs 87.68%±9.29). For STT no differences were observed between groups (p=0.257). Dyspnea scores decreased for Post-COVID19 group between baseline and follow up (0.44±0.61 vs 0.17±0.38;p=0.042) but no differences between groups were observed (p=0.57). Conclusions Pulmonary function was reduced in young adults Post-COVID-19 but improved over follow up analysis. Mucolciliary clearance and dyspnea was not impaired in young adults Post-COVID-19 and did not suffered changes after immunization. Author(s) Disclosures None of the authors have any conflicts of interests.